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The impact of ATM network expansion on service accessibility in banking: a case study of Guaranty Trust Bank

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  • NGN 5000

Background of the Study:
An extensive ATM network is essential for enhancing service accessibility in modern banking. Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) has strategically expanded its ATM network to improve the availability of financial services, especially in underserved regions. The expansion is aimed at providing customers with easy, round-the-clock access to cash withdrawal, deposit, and account inquiry services. By increasing the density of ATMs, GTBank intends to reduce the distance customers must travel to access banking services, thereby boosting financial inclusion (Okoro, 2023; Musa, 2024).

The expansion of ATMs not only facilitates routine transactions but also supports the bank’s broader digital transformation goals. A larger ATM network can serve as a critical touchpoint for introducing customers to other digital services, such as mobile banking and online payment systems. However, the deployment of ATMs is not without challenges. Infrastructure issues such as power outages, network connectivity problems, and inadequate maintenance can compromise service quality and accessibility (Chinwe, 2023). Furthermore, regional disparities in technological infrastructure can result in uneven distribution of ATMs, leaving some communities still underserved despite overall network growth.

The strategic expansion of GTBank’s ATM network is intended to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas, ensuring that all customers have access to essential banking services. The bank’s recent initiatives include deploying solar-powered ATMs in remote areas and partnering with local businesses to secure ATM locations. These measures are designed to overcome logistical challenges and enhance the reliability of ATM services (Ibrahim, 2025). The study will investigate the impact of ATM network expansion on service accessibility, focusing on key performance indicators such as transaction frequency, customer satisfaction, and geographic coverage. By integrating quantitative data on ATM usage with qualitative insights from customers and branch managers, the research aims to assess the effectiveness of GTBank’s expansion strategy and identify areas for improvement.

Statement of the Problem (≈300 words):
Despite the ambitious expansion of its ATM network, GTBank faces challenges in ensuring uniform service accessibility across different regions. Customers in some areas report frequent ATM outages, long downtimes, and inconsistent service quality due to maintenance and connectivity issues (Okoro, 2023). These operational deficiencies not only hinder customer access to essential banking services but also impact overall satisfaction and trust in the bank’s ability to serve its clientele effectively. Furthermore, while the network expansion aims to reach underserved rural communities, infrastructural constraints such as unreliable power supply and poor internet connectivity continue to limit the effectiveness of these initiatives.

The disparity in ATM service quality between urban centers and rural areas suggests that network expansion alone is insufficient to guarantee improved accessibility. Additionally, the high costs associated with installing and maintaining ATMs in remote areas may reduce the bank’s incentive to invest in adequate support and regular maintenance, thereby exacerbating service gaps. This uneven performance raises concerns about the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of GTBank’s ATM expansion strategy in enhancing financial inclusion.

This study seeks to evaluate the real impact of ATM network expansion on service accessibility at GTBank. It will investigate the operational challenges that undermine the benefits of a broader ATM footprint and assess how these challenges affect customer satisfaction and usage patterns. The findings will help identify critical factors that must be addressed to optimize the network expansion strategy, ensuring that increased ATM numbers translate into tangible improvements in service accessibility (Musa, 2024).

Objectives of the Study:

To assess the effect of ATM network expansion on service accessibility at GTBank.

To identify operational challenges affecting ATM performance in different regions.

To recommend strategies to improve maintenance and reliability of ATMs.

Research Questions:

How has ATM network expansion impacted service accessibility at GTBank?

What operational challenges hinder effective ATM performance?

What measures can enhance ATM reliability and customer satisfaction?

Research Hypotheses:

H1: ATM network expansion significantly increases transaction frequency in serviced regions.

H2: Inadequate maintenance negatively affects ATM performance and customer accessibility.

H3: Strategic investments in infrastructure improve overall ATM service quality.

Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study focuses on GTBank’s ATM network expansion between 2023 and 2025, using data from urban and rural locations. Limitations include regional infrastructure variability and potential inaccuracies in self-reported usage data.

Definitions of Terms:

ATM Network Expansion: The increase in the number and distribution of ATMs within a banking network.

Service Accessibility: The ease with which customers can access banking services.

Financial Inclusion: The availability of affordable financial services to all segments of society.





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